托福阅读长难句精讲：状语从句

　　托福阅读长难句的重点和难点在于：句子中会嵌套着若干子句，同学们理解起来会比较困难。那么，我们究竟该如何提高分析托福阅读长难句能力呢?小编对一些真题中的长难句进行了分析整理，并附上专业的子句成分划分和知识点梳理为大家进行讲解。希望同学们有所收获。

　　托福长难句

　　In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.

　　专家解析

　　【难点】

　　本句话是一个主从复合句，这句话包含的从句比较多，support后面的that引导一个限制性定语从句，because引导一个原因状语从句，而since引导一个时间状语从句，而even while 引导一个让步状语从句。

　　【子句拆分】

　　主句：In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support.

　　状语从句1：They are based on physical laws.

　　定语从句：Methods of support have changed little.

　　状语从句2：People first discovered them.

　　状语从句3：Building materials have changed dramatically.

　　【成分划分】

　　主句：In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, [状语] architecture [主语] employs [谓语] methods of support. [宾语]

　　翻译：为了让建筑物达到必要的大小和强度以满足建筑的目的，建筑物采用了一些支撑自身的方法。

　　连接词：BECAUSE

　　状语从句1：They [主语] are based on [谓语] physical laws. [宾语]

　　翻译：它们以物理定律为基础。

　　连接词：THAT

　　定语从句：Methods of support [主语] have changed [谓语] little. [状语]

　　翻译：支撑的方法几乎没有任何改变。

　　连接词：SINCE

　　状语从句2：People [主语] first [状语] discovered [谓语] them. [宾语]

　　翻译：人们最初发现它们。

　　连接词：EVER WHILE

　　状语从句3：Building materials [主语] have changed [谓语] dramatically.[状语]

　　翻译：建筑材料已经发生了巨大的变化。

　　【全句翻译】

　　为了让建筑物达到必要的大小和强度以满足建筑的目的，建筑物采用了一些支撑自身的方法;因为这些方法都是以物理定律为基础的，所以尽管建筑材料已经发生了巨大的变化，但是这些方法自从最初被人们发现以来几乎没有任何改变。

　　知识点梳理

　　时间状语从句

　　用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语，这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。连接时间状语从句的连接词有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since 等. 这里要注意一点的是，如果主句是一般将来时，从句只能用一般现在时表示将来意义。

　　① When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.

　　② Strike while the iron is hot.

　　原因状语从句

　　引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because(因为), as(由于), since(既然), now(that)(既然), seeing (that) (由于，鉴于), considering (that)(考虑到), given (that) (考虑到),for(因为)等。

　　① He took off his coat because he felt hot.

　　② She could not have seen me, for I was not there.

　　限定性定语从句

　　限定性定语从句表现是先行词在意义上是不可缺少的定语，若省略，所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义，和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。

　　① Who is the man that is reading a book over there?

　　② The school that he once studied in is very famous.

　　托福阅读长难句是有规律可循的。只要多加练习，同学们对于长难句的理解能力一定会大大提高。更多备考资料获取，请致电西安托福学校029-85381567或关注公众微信号seeree_edu。